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Quick Links Reference: |
Glossary
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A
AC3 (a.k.a. Dolby Digital) - A digital audio format from Dolby Labs™. It can support up to 5.1 channels of audio.
AGC - Automatic Gain Control. A circuit for automatically controlling amplifier gain in order to maintain a constant output voltage with a varying input voltage within a predetermined range of input-to-output variation.
Aperture - In television optics, it is the effective diameter of the lens that controls the amount of light reaching the photoconductive or photoemitting image pickup sensor.
Aperture Correction - Compensation for the loss in sharpness of detail because of the finite dimensions of the image elements or the dot-pitch of the monitor.
ASF (Advanced Streaming Format) - Microsoft's answer to Real Media and streaming media generally.
Aspect Ratio - The ratio of width to height for the frame of the televised picture. 4:3 for standard systems, 5:4 for 1K x 1K, and 16:9 for HDTV.
Attenuation - In general terms, a reduction in signal strength.
Auto Balance - A system for detecting errors in color balance in white and black areas of the picture and automatically adjusting the white and black levels of both the red and blue signals as needed for correction.
Auto Light Range - The range of light, e.g., sunlight to moonlight, over which a TV camera is capable of automatically operating at specified output.
Automatic Brightness Control - In display devices, the self-acting mechanism which controls brightness of the device as a function of ambient light.
Automatic Frequency - An arrangement whereby the frequency of an oscillator is automatically maintained within specified limits.
Automatic Gain Control - A process by which gain is automatically adjusted as a function of input or other specified parameter.
Automatic Iris Lens - A lens that automatically adjusts the amount of light reaching the imager.
Automatic Light Control - The process by which the illumination incident upon the face of a pickup device is automatically adjusted as a function of scene brightness.
AVI (Audio Video Interleave) - The video format most commonly used on Windows PCs. It defines how video and audio are attached to each other, without specifying a codec.
B
Bar Test Pattern - Special test pattern for adjusting color TV receivers or color encoders. The upper portion consists of vertical bars of saturated colors and white. The power horizontal bars have black and white areas and I and Q signals.
Battery - We offer 3 types of rechargeable batteries to choose from, the external will work with any camcorder and the Special Sony Compatible Batteries will work with any Sony camcorder that takes a P or M series battery.
External Li-Ion: Around 7 hours of run time, status meter and on/off switch. Set comes with wall and car charger and we offer interchangeable plugs for UK/AU/EU as an accessory.
Special P Series: Around 3 hours run time, powers the camcorder and the helmet-cam simultaneously, charges just like any Sony camcorder battery no extra charger needed.
Special M Series: Around 4.5 hours run time, powers the camcorder and the helmet-cam simultaneously, charges just like any Sony camcorder battery no extra charger needed.
Bitrate - In a bit stream, the number of bits occurring per unit time, usually expressed in bits per second.
Blooming - The defocusing of regions of the picture where the brightness is at an excessive level, due to enlargement of spot size and halation of the fluorescent screen of the cathode-ray picture tube. In a camera, sensor element saturation and excess which causes widening of the spatial representation of a spot light source.
Bounce - Sudden variations in picture presentation (brightness, size, etc.,) independent of scene illumination.
Brightness - The attribute of visual perception in accordance with which an area appear to emit more of less light. (Luminance is the recommended name for the photo-electric quantity which has also been called brightness.)
Burned-In-Image - Also called burn. An image which persists in a fixed position in the output signal of a camera tube after the camera has been turned to a different scene or, on a monitor screen.
C
C Mount - A television camera lens mount of the 16 mm format, 1 inch in diameter with 32 threads per inch.
CBR/VBR (Constant Bitrate / Variable Bitrate) - Constant bitrate gives equal bits to each frame of a movie. Variable Bitrate gauges which frames need more bits to maintain a better image. Note: high motion scenes require more bits than low motions scenes.
CCD - See Charge Coupled Device
CCTV - Common abbreviation for Closed-Circuit Television.
Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) - For imaging devices, a self-scanning semiconductor array that utilizes MOS technology, surface storage, and information transfer by shift register techniques.
Chroma - That quality of color which embraces both hue and saturation. White, black, and grays have no chroma.
Chroma Control - A control of color television receiver that regulates the saturation (vividness) of colors in a color picture.
Chroma Detector - Detects the absence of chrominance information in a color encoder input. The chroma detector automatically deletes the color burst from the color encoder output when the absence of chrominance is detected.
Chromatic Aberration - An optical defect of a lens which causes different colors or wave lengths of light to be focused at different distances from the lens. It is seen as color fringes or halos along edges and around every point in the image.
Chromaticity - The color quality of light which is defined by the wavelength (hue) and saturation. Chromaticity defines all the qualities of color except its brightness.
Chrominance - A color term defining the hue and saturation of a color. Does not refer to brightness.
Chrominance Signal - That portion of the NTSC color television signal which contains the color information.
Clamp - A device which functions during the horizontal blanking or synchronizing interval to fix the level of the picture signal at some predetermined reference level at the beginning of each scanning line.
Clamping - The process that established a fixed level for the picture level at the beginning of each scanning line.
Clipping - The shearing off of the peaks of a signal. For a picture signal. This effects the positive (white).
Coaxial Cable - A particular type of cable capable of passing a wide range of frequencies with very low signal loss. Such a cable in its simplest form, consists of a hollow metallic shield with a single wire accurately placed along the center of the shield and isolated from the shield.
Codec (COder/DECoder) - A codec is a piece of software that lets you encode something - usually audio or video - to a specific format, and can decode media encoded in this specific format again. Popular Codecs: MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, Indeo, etc. AVI, ASF, etc, is not a codec but a format - and can be encoded using different codecs.
Color Burst - That portion of the composite color signal, comprising a few cycles of a sine wave of chrominance sub carrier frequency, which is used to establish a reference for demodulating the chrominance signal. Normally approximately 9 cycles of 3.579545 MHz.
Color Edging - Extraneous colors appearing at the edges of colored objects, and differing from the true colors in the object.
Color Encoder - A device which produces an NTSC color signal from separate R, G, and B video inputs.
Color Fringing - Spurious colors introduced into the picture by the change in position of the televised object from field to field.
Color Purity - The degree to which a color is free of white or any other color. In reference to the operation of a tri-color picture tube it refers to the production of pure red, green or blue illumination of the phosphor dot face plate.
Color Saturation - The degree to which a color is free of white light.
Color Sync Signal - A signal used to establish and to maintain the same color relationships that are transmitted.
Color Transmission - The transmission of a signal which represents
both the brightness values and the color values in a picture.
Composite Video Signal - The combined picture signal, including vertical and horizontal blanking and synchronizing signals.
Compression - The reduction in gain at one level of a picture signal with respect to the gain at another level of the same signal.
Connector - Helmet Cam systems work in conjunction with your compatible recorder, we need to know which connector your recorder will need.
90% of camcorders today use one of three types of connector. Our designs are tailored to your particular model, so we need to know which of these ports your recorder uses:
** If you didn’t see your type of recorder port, or if still unsure, feel free to ask us
Contrast - The range of light to dark values in a picture or the ratio between the maximum and minimum brightness values.
Contrast Range - The ratio between the whitest and blackest portions of television image.
Convergence - The crossover of the three electron beams of a three-gun tri-color picture tube. This normally occurs at the plane of the aperture mask.
Crosstalk - An undesired signal from a different channel
interfering with the desired signal.
D
Decoder - The circuitry in a color TV receiver which transforms the detected color signals into a form suitable to operate the color tube.
Decoding - Decoding refers to the process of converting a compressed file to a viewable image.
Definition - The fidelity of a television system to the original scene.
Demultiplexing - The opposite of multiplexing. In this process, a combined audio/video stream will be separated into the number of streams it consists of (a video stream, at least one audio stream, and a navigational stream). Every VOB encoder demultiplexes the VOB files before encoding (FlasKMPEG, MPEG-2avi, DVD2MPG, ReMPEG-2) and every DVD player does the same (audio and video are being treated by different circuits, or decoded by different filters on a PC).
Depth of Field - The in-focus range of a lens or optical system. It is measured from the distance behind an object to the distance in front of the object when the viewing lens shows the object to be in focus.
Depth of Focus - The range of sensor-to-lens distance for which the image formed by the lens is clearly focused.
Digital Video - Digital video is usually compressed because it takes Terabytes (thousands of Gigabytes or for the mathematicians among you: 1012 Bytes) to store an uncompressed movie. Because standard lossless compression is insufficient for video, the video codecs have to get rid of irrelevant information - stuff the human eye won't see or is unlikely to see. Since that is still not enough modern compression, algorithms use keyframes and I and P frames to save space.
DirectX - An application program interface developed by Microsoft, first for Windows 95, for creating and managing graphic images and multimedia effects in applications such as games and active Web pages. It includes the DirectDraw API for direct access to video memory.
Distortion - The deviation of the received signal waveform from that of the original transmitted waveform.
Distribution Amplifier - A device that provides several isolated outputs from one looping or bridging input, and has a sufficiently high input impedance and input-to-output isolation to prevent loading of the input source.
DivXTM - A video technology that compresses digital video so it can be downloaded over DSL or cable modems in a relatively short time with no reduced visual quality.
Dynamic Range - The difference between the maximum acceptable signal level and the minimum acceptable signal level.
E
EIA Sync - The signal used for the synchronizing of scanning specified in EIA Standards RS-170, RS-330, RS-343, or subsequent issues.
Encoding - The process of taking a raw uncompressed file and compressing it to an encoded form while maintaining the quality.
Equalizer - An electronic circuit that introduces compensation for frequency discriminative effects of elements within the television system, particularly long coaxial transmission systems.
F
f/Stop (a.k.a. F Number and F System) - Refers to the speed or ability of a lens to pass light. It is calculated by dividing the focal length of the lens by its diameter.
Field - One of the two equal but vertically separated parts into which a television frame is divided in an interlaced system of scanning. A period of 1/60 second separates each field start time.
Field of View - The maximum angle of view that can be seen through a lens or optical instrument.
Focal Length - Of a lens, the distance from the focal point to the principal point of the lens.
Focal Plane - A plane (through the focal point) at right angles to
the principal point of the lens. Focal Point - The point at which a lens or mirror will focus parallel incident radiation.
Foot-candle - See lumen/ft 2.
Foot-lambert (FL) - A unit of luminance equal to 1/candela per square foot or to the uniform luminance at a perfectly diffusing surface emitting or reflecting light at the rate of one lumen per square foot. A lumen per square foot is a unit of incident light and a foot-lambert is a unit of emitted or reflected light. For a perfectly reflecting and perfectly diffusing surface, the number of lumens per square foot is equal to the number of foot-lambert.
Frame - The basic source of a movie; one frame represents one image. A movie usually runs at 24 frames per second, equaling 24 different images per second. Imagine 24 images with a bird on it. In the first image, the bird is on the left, gradually moving to the right. On the 24th frame the bird is on the right end of the image. When these 24 images are played in sequence fast enough, the human eye sees a bird flying from left to right.
Frame Frequency - The number of times per second that the frame is scanned. The U.S. standard is 30 frames per second.
Frame Transfer - A CCD imager where an entire matrix of pixels is read into storage before being output from the camera. Differs from Interline Transfer where lines of pixels are output
Frameserving - Using one utility to decode or read a video file and after it has been decoded, sending it straight to any other video editing or encoding application.
Frequency Interlace - The method by which color and black and white sideband signals are interwoven within the same channel bandwidth.
Frequency Response - The range of band of frequencies to which a unit of electronic equipment will offer essentially the same characteristics.
G
Gain - An increase in voltage or power, usually expressed in dB.
Gamma - A numerical value, or the degree of contrast in a television picture, which is the exponent of that power law which is used to approximate the curve of output magnitude versus input magnitude over the region of interest.
Gamma Correction - To provide for a linear transfer characteristic from input to output device.
Generations -
1st Generation RVS is either a custom made helmet with a built in video camera or a mount that attaches your camcorder directly to your helmet.
2nd Generation RVS uses a square or cylindrical mini-camera in place of the camcorder. Typically included is a 380 line color mini-camera, non-rechargeable battery pack and a mount for attaching the mini-camera to a helmet. 3rd Generation RVS was introduced by Xtreme Recall in 2002. Significantly safer, lighter and easier to use - Xtreme Recall’s RVS products merge professional quality with consumer level simplicity. Advantages of a 3rd Generation Reality Video System:
We top this all off with the strongest warranty/guarantee of any company in our industry.
Ghost - A spurious image resulting from an echo.
Gray Scale - Variations in value from white, through shades of gray, to black on a television screen. The gradations approximate the tonal values of the original image picked up by the TV camera.
H
Hue - Hue is The overall gradation of color.
Hum - Electrical disturbance at the power supply frequency or harmonics thereof.
I
I and P Frames - Frame describing only the differences to the frame before (this is less than accurate but I think you'll get the picture that way). Say we have a keyframe with a bird before a cloudy sky. Then we can use I frames which say something like this: move the bird an inch to the left and one inch to the bottom.
iDCT & Wavelet - The video information inside MPEG files is stored in the frequency domain rather than in the spatial domain (the images we see). That way, the information is compacted and that compactation can be used to compress (reduce) the amount of information you have to send over the transmission channel. MPEG uses the DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) to translate spatial information into frequency information. To bring back the spatial information from the MPEG stream you have to apply the iDCT, that is, the Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform, that undoes the DCT that was used during encoding. DCT and iDCT are basically the same as DFT (discrete fourier transforms) but the results are integers rather than complex reals you get in i/DFT. For more info please refer to a university-level book about DSP, communication systems, or similar. Wavelets are an alternative basis space. There are infinitely many wavelet bases (Daubechies, Haar, Mexican Hat, "Spline", Zebra, etc.), but their primary feature is that they are localized. Fourier basis functions span all space (from negative to positive infinity). Wavelets are basically individual pulses of waves (at various positions and scales). Their value in compression stems from factors like the grouping, which generally shows that a good 90% of the data is modeled by the low-pass filters, with the high-pass filters generally showing very small values that are mostly details. (Of course, this is not true if the source is noisy in the first place). For images, the greatest value comes from localization of the basis, which means that we can model discontinuities (e.g. edges) VERY well with wavelets. You will NOT get those weird JPEG halos if you use wavelets
Image Intensifier - A device coupled by fiber optics to a TV image pickup sensor to increase sensitivity. Can be single or multi stage.
Image Plane - The plane at right angles to the optical axis at the image point.
Impedance (input or output) - The input or output characteristic of a system component that determines the type of transmission cable to be used. The cable used must have the same characteristic impedance as the component. Expressed in ohms. Video distribution has standardized on 75-ohm coaxial and 124-ohm balanced cable.
Incident Light - The light that falls directly on an object.
Insertion Loss - The signal strength loss when a piece of equipment is inserted into a line.
Interference - Extraneous energy which tends to interfere with the reception of the desired signals.
Interlaced Scanning - A scanning process for reducing image flicker in which the distance from center to center of successively scanned lines is two or more times the nominal line width, and in which the adjacent lines belong to different fields.
Interleaving - Describes the process of gluing together the audio and the video track at defined points. The player will recognize the interleave points and make sure that both audio and video are played in a manner that the "glued" points match throughout the movie.
Interline Transfer - A technology of CCD design, where rows of
pixels are output from the camera. The sensor's active pixel area and
storage register are both contained within the active image area. This
differs from "frame transfer" cameras that move all active pixels to a
storage register outside of the active area.
Iris - An adjustable aperture built into a camera lens to permit control of the amount of light passing through the lens.
Isolation Amplifier - An amplifier with input circuitry and output circuitry designed to eliminate the effects of changes made at either upon the other.
J
Jitter - Small, rapid variations in a waveform due to mechanical disturbances or to changes in the characteristic of components. Supply voltages, imperfect synchronizing signals, circuits, etc.
K
Keyframe - A complete frame but heavily compressed.
L
LANC (Lan-cee) - Connector port available on most Sony and some Canon camcorders. Allows connection of a small controller to remotely operate a camcorder. This is a nice feature to have for a hands-free video system as the camcorder is generally not easily accessible (stowed in carrier). view image
Lens - A transparent optical component consisting of one or more pieces of optical glass with surfaces so curved (usually Spherical), that they serve to converge or diverge the transmitted rays of an object, thus forming a real or virtual image of that object.
Lens Preset Positioning - Follower Pots are installed on lens that allows feedback to the controller information relevant to zoom and focus positioning allowing the controller to quickly adjust to a pre-selected scene and arrive in focus at the proper focal length automatically.
Lens Speed - Refers to the ability of a lens to transmit light, represented as the ratio of the focal length to the diameter of the lens. A fast lens would be rated f/8. The larger the f number, the slower the lens.
Light - Electromagnetic radiation detectable by the eye, ranging in wavelength from about 400 to 750 nm.
Line Amplifier - An amplifier for audio or video signals that feeds a transmission line; also called program amplifier.
Loss - A reduction in signal level or strength, usually expressed
in dB. Power dissipation serving no useful purpose.
Low-Frequency Distortion - Distortion effects which occur at low frequencies. In television, generally considered as any frequency below the 15.75-kHz line frequency.
Lumen (LM) - The unit of luminous flux. It is equal to the flux through a unit solid angle (steradian) from a uniform point source of one candela or to the flux on a unit surface of which all points are at a unit distance from a uniform point source of one candela.
Lumen/FT2 - A unit of incident light. It is the illumination on a surface one square foot in area on which a flux of one lumen is uniformly distributed, or the illumination at a surface all points of which are at a distance of one foot from a uniform source of one candela.
Luminance - Luminous intensity (photometric brightness) of any surface in a given direction per unit of projected area of the surface as viewed from that direction, measured in footlamberts (fl).
Luminance Signal - That portion of the NTSC color television signal which contains the luminance or brightness information.
Lux - International System (Sl) unit of illumination in which the meter is the unit of length. One lux equals one lumen per square meter.
M
Modulation - The process, or results of the process, whereby some characteristic of one signal is varied in accordance with another signal. The modulated signal is called the carrier. The carrier may be modulated in three fundamental ways: by varying the amplitude, called amplitude modulation; by varying the frequency, called frequency modulation; by varying the phase, called phase modulation.
Monitor - A unit of equipment that displays on the face of a picture tube the images detected and transmitted by a television camera.
Monochrome - Black and white with all shades of gray.
Monochrome Transmission - The transmission of a signal wave which represents the brightness values in the picture, but not the color (chrominance) values.
MPEG - Motion Picture Expert Group, it's THE resource for video formats in general. This group defines standards in digital video, among it the MPEG-1 standard (used in Video CDs), the MPEG-2 standard (used on DVDs and SVCDs), the MPEG-4 standard (used in DivX video technology) and several audio standards - among them MP3 and AAC.
MPEG-4 - A standard defined by the Working Group 11 (Moving Picture Expert Group) of ISO (International Standard Organization) in October 1998 (date of the first draft of the standard). It is the standard for the mature digital era. With its added features, MPEG-4 offers better compression, interactivity, and universal Internet/wireless access to the medium.
Multipass encoding - True multipass encoding is currently available only for WM8 and MPEG-2 (SVCD & miniDVD). An encoder supporting multipass will, in a first pass, analyze the video stream to be encoded and write down a log about everything it encounters. Let's assume we have a short clip that starts out in a dialog scene where we have few cuts and the camera remains static. Then it leads over to a karate fight with lots of fast cuts and a lot of action (people flying through the air, kicking, punching, etc.). In regular CBR, encoding every second gets more or less bitrate (it's hard to stay 100% CBR but that's a detail) whereas in multipass VBR mode the encoder will use the bitrate according to his knowledge about the video stream, i.e. the dialog part gets the available bitrate and the fighting scene gets allotted more bitrate. The more passes, the more refined the bitrate distribution will be. In single pass VBR, the encoder has to base his decisions on where to use how much bitrate solely on the knowledge of the stuff it previously has encoded.
Multiplexing - Video and audio are usually encoded separately. You have to join them to make a movie you can play (you can play audio and video separately in two players but to get synch would be rather hard). During multiplexing, the audio and video tracks are combined into one audio/video stream. The audio and video stream will be woven together and navigational information will be added so that the player can, for example fast forward/backward and still retain synch audio/video.
N
ND Filter - A filter that attenuates light evenly over the visible light spectrum. It reduces the light entering a lens, thus forcing the iris to open to its maximum.
Noise - The word "noise" originated in audio practice and refers to random spurts of electrical energy or interference. In some cases, it will produce a "salt-and-pepper" pattern over the televised picture. Heavy noise is sometimes referred to as "snow".
Non-Composite Video - A video signal containing all information except sync.
Normalizing - Normalizing consists of finding the volume peak of a soundtrack and increasing the rest of the soundtrack to that level. This is usually done at WAV level, i.e. all variables are integers so the precision is not as good as in DRC. DRC is preferred over Normalizing.
NTSC - Abbreviation for National Television Systems Committee. A committee that worked with the FCC in formulating standards for the present day United States color television system.
O
Output - The signal level at the output of an amplifier or other device.
P
Pan and Tilt - A device upon which a camera can be mounted that allows movement in both the azimuth (pan) and in the vertical plane (tilt).
Pan/Tilt Preset Positioning - Follower pots are installed on pan/tilt unit to allow feedback to the controller and provides information relevant to horizontal and vertical positioning, allowing the controller to quickly adjust to a pre-selected scene automatically.
PCM - Pulse Code Modulation is the most simple binary representation for digital audio. The audio signal is converted in samples according to the frequency of the signal. Every sample is then written in the stream without using any smart compression techniques.
Picture Element - See Pixel
Pixel (a.k.a. Picture Element) - A pixel is the smallest area of a television picture capable of being delineated by an electrical signal passed through the system of part thereof. The number of picture elements (pixels) in a complete picture, and their geometric characteristics of vertical height and horizontal width, provide information on the total amount of detail which the raster can display and on the sharpness of the detail, respectively.
Primary Colors - Three colors wherein no mixture of any two can produce the third. In color television these are the additive primary colors red, blue and green. Progressive Scan - The progressive scan format outputs data from the camera (the signal) in sequential order as it is scanned. The scan format produces a full frame of video in a continuous stream, rather than half the image per output sequence in traditional RS-170 CCD cameras. Standard RS-170 video is interlaced and output in two separate fields, generating essentially half the image at a time.
R
Resolution (520, 550 & 580) - All activities are not created equal.. so why should all micro-cameras be?
We offer these three different high res cameras so you can choose the features most appropriate for your application:
Resolution (horizontal) - The amount of resolvable detail in the horizontal direction in a picture. It is usually expressed as the number of distinct vertical lines, alternately black and white, which can be seen in a distance equal to picture height.
Resolution (vertical) - The amount of resolvable detail in the vertical direction in a picture. It is usually expressed as the number of distinct horizontal lines, alternately black and white, which can theoretically be seen in a picture. Retained Image - Also called image burn. A change produced in or on the target which remains for a large number of frames after the removal of a previously stationary light image and which yields a spurious electrical signal corresponding to that light image.
Resolution, Limiting - The details that can be distinguished on the television screen. Vertical resolution refers to the number of horizontal black and white lines that can be resolved in the picture height. Horizontal resolution refers to the black and white lines resolved in a dimension equal to the vertical height and may be limited by the video amplifier bandwidth.
RF (Radio Frequency) - A frequency at which coherent electromagnetic radiation of energy is useful for communication purposes. Also, the entire range of such frequencies.
Ripple - Amplitude variations in the output voltage of a power supply caused by insufficient filtering.
Roll - A loss of vertical synchronization which causes the picture to move up or down on a receiver or monitor.
S
Saturation - Saturation is the strength of the colors in a video.
SBC - Smart Bitrate Control. A new way to encode DivX;-). Using Nandub, it can modify many internal codec parameters on the fly during compression, giving you better quality and more control over the encoding.
Scanning - The process of moving the electron beam of a pickup tube or a picture tube across the target or screen area of a tube.
Sensitivity - In television, a factor expressing the incident illumination upon a specified scene required to produce a specified picture signal at the output terminals of a television camera.
Shutter - Ability to control the integration (of light) time to the sensor to less than 1/60 second; e.g. : stop motion of moving traffic.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio - The ratio between useful television signal and disturbing noise or snow.
Signal Type - The world has two different TV standards, which means we also have two different types of camcorders. If you live in North, Central and South America, you probably have an NTSC camcorder. If you live anywhere else in the world you probably have a PAL. If we send you a PAL system for your NTSC camcorder, nothing will work. It’s good to double check if you aren’t sure. signal type by country
Snow - Heavy random noise.
Suitable Camcorder - “Can you record FROM your VCR
to your camcorder?” If you already know you can, you have a compatible
camcorder.
If still unsure, here are some ways to find out if your
camcorder is compatible:
Check your camcorder, what you should look for is the small
lettering above the female plug(s) that you use to connect your camcorder
to your TV. If you see “video in”
or “A / V in” or “A
/ V in/out” you have a compatible camcorder. You can also consult your manual (“VTR” or “recording from a VCR” section), call/email the manufacturer or ask that "friend" who is really good with video stuff.
Sync - A contraction of "synchronous" or "synchronize".
Sync Level - The level of the peaks of the synchronizing signal.
Sync Signal - The signal employed for the synchronizing of scanning.
Synchronizing - Maintaining two or more scanning processes in phase.
T
Tearing - A term used to describe a picture condition in which groups of horizontal lines are displaced in an irregular manner.
Telecine - A process to bring a 24fps source (usually a movie is shot at that speed) to 29.97fps or 29.97x2 interlaced fields per second.
Test Pattern - A chart especially prepared for checking overall performance of a television system. It contains various combinations of lines and geometric shapes. The camera is focused on the chart, and the pattern is viewed at the monitor for fidelity.
Transients - Signals which exist for a brief period of time prior to the attainment of a steady-state condition. These may include overshoots, damped sinusoidal waves, etc.
V
Vertical Resolution - The number of horizontal lines that can be seen in the reproduced image of a television pattern.
Video Amplifier - A wideband amplifier used for passing picture signals.
Video Band - The frequency band width utilized to transmit a composite video signal.
Video Signal (Non-Composite) - The picture signal. A signal containing visual information and horizontal and vertical blanking (see also Composite Video Signal) but not sync.
VOB Files - All DVD movies are stored in so-called VOB files. VOB files usually contain multiplexed Dolby Digital Audio and MPEG-2 video. VOB Files are called as follows: vts_XX_y.vob where XX represents the title and Y the part of the title. There can be 99 titles and 10 parts, although vts_XX_0.vob never contains any video, usually just menu or navigational information.
Z
Zoom - To enlarge or reduce, on a continuously variable basis, the size of a televised image primarily by varying lens focal length.
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